Factores psicológicos associados à práctica do alpinismoum studo de caso único

  1. Dosil Díaz, Joaquín
  2. Da Silva Neves, Mário Rui
Journal:
Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

ISSN: 1578-8423 1989-5879

Year of publication: 2007

Volume: 7

Issue: 2

Pages: 27-47

Type: Article

More publications in: Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to know and identify the main psychological factors associated with the alpinism pratice through the study of an expert climber. The choise of a single case study as a strategy of investigation, is because we´ve tried to analize in deeply and exaustivly a male alpinist, highly engaged with the activity, with a large curriculum and experience in the high altitude alpinism, as in Himalayas mountains. The data collecting was done through an in-depth and semi-structured interview. The texts resulting from the transcription were introduced in an analysis program of qualitative dates, Nud.ist 6.0. The main results show that the Intrinsic Motivation, Commitment and the SelfConfidence are the most important psychological skills considered by the alpinist. The main reasons that lead to the alpinism pratice seem to be the need for pushing one´s limits and the challenge and opportunity for action. The Personal Experience seems to be a variable which have a lot of influence over the majority of psychological skills such Emotional Control, Self-Confidence or Decision-Making. In general, the psychological skills and features associated with sport expertise match the psychological skills of the studied alpinist.

Bibliographic References

  • Abernathy, B., Thomas, K. T., Thomas, J. R. (1993). Strategies for improving understanding of motor expertise. In J.L. Starkes e F. Allard (Eds.), Cognitive issues in motor expertise (317-356). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Araújo, L. (1995). Designing and Refining Hierarchical Coding Frames. In U. Kelle (Ed.), Computer-Aided Qualitative Analysis: Theory, Methods and Pratice (96-104), London: Sage.
  • Atienza, F.L., Balaguer, I. e García-Mérita, M.L. (1999). Efectos del entrenamiento mental en la mejora de las percepciones de autoconfianza del servicio en tenis. Revista de Psicología General y Aplicada, 52 (1), 121-134.
  • Bonnon, M., Noel-Jorand, M-C. e Therme, P. (1999). Criteria for psychological adaptation to highaltitude hypoxia. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 89 (1), 3- 18.
  • Burnik, S., Jug, S. e Tusak, M. (2002). Personality traits of Slovenian female and male mountain climbers. Kinesiology, 34 (2), 153-162, Zagreb
  • Colorado, J. (2001). Montañismo y Trekking: Manual Completo. Madrid: Desnivel.
  • Côté, J., Ericsson , K. A. e Law, M. (2005). Tracing the development of athletes using retrospective interview methods: A proposed interview and validation procedure for reported information. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 1-19.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Delle Fave, A., Bassi, M. e Massimini, F. (2003). Quality of Experience and Risk Perception in HighAltitude Rock Climbing. Journal of Applied sport psychology, 15, 82-98.
  • Dosil, J. (2004). Psicología de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Madrid: McGraw Hill.
  • Dosil, J. (2005). The Sport Psychologis´t Handbook: a guide for sport-specific performance enhancement. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
  • Egan, S. e Stelmack, R. (2002). A personality profile of Mount Everest climbers. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1491-1494.
  • Ericsson, K. A. (1996). The Acquisition of Expert Performance: An Introduction to Some of the Issues. In K. A. Ericksson (ed.): The road to excellence: the acquisition of expert performance in the arts and sciences, sports and games. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associat.
  • Ericsson, K. A. (2003a). How the expert-performance approach differs from traditional approaches to expertise in sports: In search of a shared theoretical framework for studying expert performance. In J. Starkes and K. A. Ericsson (Eds.), Expert performance in sport: Recent advances in research on sport expertise (pp. 371-401). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Ericsson, K. A. (2003b). Development of Elite Performance and Deliberate Practice. En Starkes, J. e K. A. Ericsson, K. (Eds.): Expert performance in Sports Advances in Research on Sport Expertise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
  • Ericsson, K. A. (2007). Deliberate practice and the modifiability of body and mind: Toward a science of the structure and acquisition of expert and elite performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 38, 109-123.
  • Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T. E Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100, 363-406.
  • Ewert, A. W. (1994). Playing the edge: Motivation and risk taking in a high-altitude wildernesslike environment. Environment and Behavior, 26 (1), 3-24.
  • Feher, P., Meyers, M. e Skelly, W. (1998). Psychological profile of rock climbers: state and trait attributes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 21, (2), 167-181.
  • Jackson, S. A. e Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2002). Fluir en el Deporte : claves para las experiencias y actuaciones óptimas. Barcelona: Paidotribo
  • Jackson S. A., Dover, J. e Mayocchi, L. M. (1998). Life after winning gold : I. Experiences of australian olympic gold medallists. The Sport Psychologist, 12, 119-136.
  • Janelle C. e Hillman (2003). Expert Performance in Sport, in Starkes, J. e Ericsson, K. (Eds.): Expert performance in Sports Advances in Research on Sport Expertise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
  • Le Scanff, C. (2000). Les aventuriers de l´extrême. Paris: Calmann-Lévy Martens, R. (1987). Coaches guide to sport psychology, Champaign, IL: Human
  • Kinetics Messner, R. (1995). Mover Montañas, El credo de un explorador de los limites de lo desconocido. Madrid: Desnivel
  • Morris, T. (2000). Psychological characteristics and talent identification in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 715-726
  • Moscoso, D. (2003). La Montaña y el Hombre en los albores del siglo XXI, Zaragoza, Huesca: Barrabes
  • Orlick,T. (2000). In Pursuit of Excellence: How to Win in Sport and Life Through Mental Training. (3ª ed.), Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
  • Richards, L. e Richards, T. (1997). QSR Nud-Ist 4 user Guide: version 3.0 for revision for Apple, McIntosh or Microsoft Windows computer systems. 2ª ed. Victoria: Qualitative Solutions and Research Pty Ltd., La Trobe University PO.
  • Sanz, A., Pozo, J.I., Pérez, M.P. e Gómez, M.A. (1996). El razonamiento proporcional en expertos y novatos: el efecto del contenido. Revista de Psicología General y Aplicada, 49 (2), 337-351.
  • Singer, R. e Janelle, C. (1999). Determining Sport Expertise: From genes to supremes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 30, 117-150.
  • Stuckl, P. e Sojer, G. (1996). Manual Completo de Montaña, Madrid: Desnivel.
  • Twight, M. e Martin, J. (2000). Alpinismo Extremo: escalar alto, rápido y ligero. Madrid: Desnivel.
  • Vealey, R. (1986). Conceptualization of Sport-Confidence and Competitive Orientation. Preleminary Investigation and Instrument Development, Journal of sport Psychology, 8, 221-246.
  • Vickers, (1990). Instructional design for teaching physical education. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
  • Weinberg, R. e Gould, D. (2005). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Zinsser, N., Bunker, L. E Williams, J. M. (2001). Cognitive techniques for building confidence and enhancing performance, in J.M. Williams (ed.), Applied sport psychology: personal growth to peak performance, Mountain View, CA: Mayfield