Risk for eating disorders in "high"- and "low"-risk sports and football (soccer) : a profile analysis with clustering techniques

  1. Godoy-Izquierdo, Débora 1
  2. Díaz Ceballos, Isabel 2
  3. Ramírez Molina, María J. 1
  4. Navarrón Vallejo, Estefanía 1
  5. Dosil Díaz, Joaquín 3
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada, España
  2. 2 Universidad de Cantabria, España
  3. 3 Universidad de Vigo, España
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Revista:
Revista de psicología del deporte

ISSN: 1132-239X,  1988-5636

Ano de publicación: 2019

Volume: 28

Número: 2

Páxinas: 117-126

Tipo: Artigo

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Outras publicacións en: Revista de psicología del deporte

Resumo

Os transtornos alimentares (TAs) são prevalentes em esporte. Embora tradicionalmente uma distinção tem-se realizado entre esportes de alto e baixo risco de TAs, estudos recentes indicam que os futebolistas e outros atletas de risco "baixo" são tão vulneráveis como outros atletas em esportes onde o peso e aparência física são enfatizados. O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar se existem configurações particulares de fatores psicossociais de risco de TA em atletas de esportes diferentes (N = 357), com um interesse especial em jogadores de futebol. O Questionário de Hábitos Alimentares do Atleta (CHAD) foi utilizado para estabelecer configurações intra-individuais do risco através de uma análise multivariada de clusterização de K-médias. Encontramos que o 10. 9% dos atletas e 11. 4% dos jogadores de futebol tiveram pontuações no CHAD ≥ 100 pontos, o que indica que um grande número de atletas pode desenvolver um TA ao longo de sua carreira, ou ele já pode estar sofrendo un TA. Três configurações ou perfis de risco de TAs emergiram com base nas crenças, atitudes e comportamentos que reflectem um esquema diferencial determinado em cada grupo: alto (8. 7%), moderado (45. 1%) e baixo risco (46. 2%). Os futebolitas mostraram um perfil semelhante ao cluster de risco moderado, embora existente. Nossos resultados questionam as classificações tradicionais de esportes como alto e baixo risco. Os atletas, incluindo os jogadores de futebol, podem ter um risco elevado de TAs se ocorrem determinadas combinações de crenças, atitudes e comportamentos disfuncionais. Nossos resultados indicam a importância para o estabelecimento do risco e prevenção de TAs em atletas do considerar fatores predisponentes relevantes. O tipo de esporte não parece ser o fator de risco mais importante.

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Información de financiamento

is research was partly supported by the financial aid to the research group “Psicología de la Salud/Medicina Con-ductual” (CTS-0267) conceded by the Consejería de Inno-vación, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía (Spain). We are grateful to all those who made this study possible.

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