Efecto de la desigualdad y la actividad económica en el COVID-19 en Ecuadorun bosquejo de sus posibles determinantes económicos, sociales y demográficos

  1. Pablo Ponce 1
  2. Verónica Loaiza 1
  3. María de la Cruz del Rio-Rama 2
  4. Leticia Bollain-Parra 3
  1. 1 Universidad Nacional de Loja, Ecuador
  2. 2 Universidad de Vigo, España
  3. 3 Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, México
Show affiliations +
Journal:
Contaduría y administración

ISSN: 0186-1042,  2448-8410

Year of publication: 2020

Issue Title: Especial COVID-19

Volume: 65

Issue: 5

Type: Article

DOI: 10.22201/FCA.24488410E.2020.3044 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Contaduría y administración

Abstract

COVID-19 is a health problem that we are experiencing today which caused economic activity to decrease worldwide as a result of the confinement decreed in the countries. COVID-19 is influenced by economic factors that affect the spread of infections and vary depending on the structural characteristics of the countries. In this sense, the objective of this research work is to examine the effect of income inequality and economic activity on COVID-19 infections in Ecuador. Then economic, social and demographic variables are used to determine other factors associated with the increase in infections. To meet the objective, the methodology used is based on the use of econometric techniques (linear regression model with Ordinary Least Squares estimator) with cross-sectional data collected from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment (2019) and the Ministry of Public Health (2020). The results obtained show that the increase in inequality causes increases in the contagion of COVID-19, in the same way the sectors of economic activity cause a heterogeneous effect on COVID-19. Policy measures should be aimed at guaranteeing access to goods and services for the most unequal groups to reduce COVID-19 infections.

Bibliographic References

  • Ahamed, M., & Gutiérrez-Romero, R. (2020). COVID-19 response needs to broaden financial inclusion to curb the rise in poverty CGR. Working Paper 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3616426
  • Atalan, A. (2020). Is the lockdown important to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic? Effects on psychology, environment and economy-perspective. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 56, 38-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.010
  • Banco Mundial (2020). Disponible en: https://www.bancomundial.org/. Consultado: 18/08/2020.
  • Bryce, C., Dowling, M., & Sadoghi, A. COVID-19, poverty traps, and global poverty discourse. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Dowling15/publication/341782055_COVID19_poverty_traps_and_global_poverty_discourse/links/5ed43465458515294527861d/COVID-19-poverty-trapsand-global-poverty-discourse.pdf. Consultado: 18/08/2020
  • Bukari, C., Essilfie, G., Aning-Agyei, M. A., Otoo, I. C., Kyeremeh, C., Owusu, A. A., ... & Bukari, I. K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on poverty and living standards in Ghana: A micro perspective. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-37910/v1
  • Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL, 2020). Disponible en: https://www.cepal.org/es. Consultado: 15/08/2020.
  • Cruz, M.P., Santos, E., Cervantes, M. V., & Juárez, M. L. (2020). COVID-19, una emergencia de salud pública mundial. Revista Clínica Española. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rce.2020.03.001
  • Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU, 2019). Disponible en: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/empleo-encuesta-nacional-de-empleo-desempleo-y-subempleoenemdu/.Consultado: 15/08/2020.
  • Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic effects of coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on the world economy. SSRN. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3557504
  • Kanitkar, T. (2020). The COVID-19 lockdown in India: Impacts on the economy and the power sector. Global Transitions, 2, 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2020.07.005 Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC 2020). Disponible en: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/estadisticas/. Consultado: 15/08/2020
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC 2020). Disponible en: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/estadisticas/. Consultado: 15/08/2020
  • Laborde, D., Smaller, C., & Porciello, J. (2020a). What would it cost to avert the COVID-19 hunger crisis?. The International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://hdl.handle.net/1813/70172. Consultado: 18/08/2020
  • Laborde, D., Martin, W., & Vos, R. (2020). Poverty and food insecurity could grow dramatically as COVID-19 spreads. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rob_Vos2/publication/343267777_Poverty_and_food_insecurity_could_gr ow_dramatically_as_COVID-19_spreads/links/5f20772345851515ef509bf7/Poverty-and-food-insecurity-couldgrow-dramatically-as-COVID-19-spreads.pdf. Consultado: 18/08/2020
  • Lau, H., Khosrawipour, V., Kocbach, P., Mikolajczyk, A., Schubert, J., Bania, J., & Khosrawipour, T. (2020). The positive impact of lockdown in Wuhan on containing the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Journal of travel medicine, 27(3), taaa037. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa037
  • Lipsitch, M., Swerdlow, D. L., & Finelli, L. (2020). Defining the epidemiology of Covid-19—studies needed. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1194-1196. https: //doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2002125
  • Mamun, M. A., & Ullah, I. (2020). COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty?-The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.028
  • Martínez, C.N., & Bañón, A.R. (2020). Emprendimiento en épocas de crisis: Un análisis exploratorio de los efectos de la COVID-19. Small Business International Review, 4(2), 53-66. https: //doi.org/10.26784/sbir.v4i2.279
  • Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP, 2020). Disponible en: https://www.salud.gob.ec/. Consultado: 15/08/2020.
  • Noorbhai, H. (2020). A mathematical model to guide the re-opening of economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 57, 5-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.041
  • Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 2020). Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/. Consultado: 15/08/2020
  • Ruiz Estrada, M. A. (2020). Is Poverty the Best Allied of COVID-19 in Developing Countries? The Case of Guatemala. The Case of Guatemala (July 7, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3645045
  • Santos, M., Lucena, E. E., Lima, K. C., Brito, A. A., Bay, M. B., & Bonfada, D. (2020). Survival and predictors of deaths of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 from a retrospective and multicenter cohort study in Brazil. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.07.20125047
  • Saunders, M. J., & Evans, C. A. (2020). COVID-19, tuberculosis, and poverty: preventing a perfect storm. The European Respiratory Journal. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01348-2020
  • Singh, B. P. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Rural Economy in India. University Library of Munich, Germany. Available at SSRN 3609973. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3609973
  • Suryahadi, A., Al Izzati, R., & Suryadarma, D. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Poverty: An Estimation for Indonesia. SMERU Working Paper. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ridho_Al_Izzati/publication/341151146_The_Impact_of_COVID19_Outbreak_on_Poverty_An_Estimation_for_Indonesia/links/5eb1224a299bf18b9595b694/The-Impact-ofCOVID-19-Outbreak-on-Poverty-An-Estimation-for-Indonesia.pdf. Consultado: 18/08/2020
  • Thakur Vikram, & Jain Anu. (2020). COVID 2019-suicides: A global psychological pandemic. Brain, Behav. Immunity. 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.022
  • Timmermann, C. (2020). Epistemic ignorance, poverty and the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Bioethics Review, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41649-020-00140-4
  • Valensisi, G. (2020). COVID-19 and global poverty: Are LDCs being left behind? (No. wp-2020-73). World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER). Disponible en: https://ideas.repec.org/p/unu/wpaper/wp2020-73.html. Consultado: 18/08/2020
  • White, H. (1980). A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 817-838. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912934
Data source: Dialnet