Influencia de las variables contextuales sobre las variables físicas de futbolistas en competición evaluadas mediante tecnología GPS

Resumo

Football is a team sport dominated by strategical and tactical factors that determine the behaviour of the players. Similarly, the players¿ performance during the game is affected by individual skills, technical and tactical, and conditioning. Up to now, researches have not approached to the interactive influence of contextual variables and individual physical capacity of soccer players on physical performance during the competition, expressed in distance covered at different intensities. Because of this, in the first part of the research the use of different speed ranges arbitrary chosen was compared to the use of individualized speed ranges, obtained from each player specific tests to determine the High-speed Running distance and Sprint distance covered. Also, in the second part of the research the influence of contextual variables on Total Distance Running, High-speed Running Distance and Sprint Distance, divided in blocks of 15¿ in which the game split was discussed. To meet the objectives, the sample was based on a football team in which 14 official competition matches were recorded giving a total of 80 complete-game records. As the game was divided into blocks of 15', 448 total records were obtained. High-Intensity Distance showed significant differences (p <0.05) using both, arbitrary speed ranges and individual speed ranges. Sprint Distance, also showed significant differences (p <0.05) when using arbitrary speed ranges and individual speed ranges. Total Distance covered was influenced in block 1 by game result variables (p <0.001), the level of Rival (p <0.001) and location (p <0.001), in block 2 by game result (p <0, 05) Level of Rival (p <0.001; in block 3 by location (p <0.05) in block 4 by game result (p <0.05) in block 5 variables (p <0.05), level Rival (p <0.05), the location of the match (p <0.001) in block 6 score (p <0.05). High-Intensity Distance was only influenced in block 1 by game result variable (p <0.001). Sprint Distance was influenced in block 1 by game result variable (p <0.05) and in block 6 explained by game result (p <0.05). From these results, it can be concluded that contextual variables determine physical performance during competition, being game result, the contextual variable that produces major effects, although it is not constant throughout the game.