Fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario SAPF y del pictograma de Stunkard en población mayor española

  1. D. Martínez-Aldao
  2. J.C. Diz
  3. S. Varela
  4. M.A. Sanchez-Lastra
  5. C. Ayán Pérez
Revista:
Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra

ISSN: 1137-6627

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 44

Número: 3

Páginas: 327-337

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra

Resumen

Fundamento. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario SAPF y del pictograma de Stunkard para conocer la forma física autopercibida y el grado de insatisfacción corporal en un grupo de personas mayores españolas. Método. Ambos instrumentos se adaptaron al castellano y se administraron dos veces a un grupo de 86 personas mayores. Su fiabilidad y validez se evaluaron con el índice de correlación intraclase (CCI), el alfa de Cronbach y el coeficiente rho de Spearman, a partir del nivel de forma física de los participantes y de su índice de masa corporal (IMC). La comparación de las variables con distribución normal se realizó mediante ANOVA. Resultados. El cuestionario y el pictograma mostraron una buena fiabilidad test-retest (CCI = 0,78 y CCI = 0,8 respectivamente). La puntuación del SAPF y el nivel de forma física mostraron asociación débil (rho= 0,424) y la autopercepción de la propia composición corporal y el IMC, moderadamente fuerte (rho= 0,727). La forma física autopercibida del 59,5% de la muestra fue normal, del 11,4% mala y del 29,1% buena. Solo el 27,06% se mostró satisfecho con su imagen corporal, el resto mostró su deseo de bajar de peso el equivalente a uno (47,1%), dos (22,4%) o tres o más puntos (3,5%) en el pictograma. Conclusiones. La adaptación al castellano de los dos instrumentos mostró fiabilidad y validez, permitiendo conocer que gran parte de la muestra se mostró insatisfecha con su imagen corporal, aspecto sobre el que el IMC ejerció una influencia significativa

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet