Análisis de políticas de empleo en un entorno de modelos de búsqueda y crecimiento endógeno

Resumo

This paper analyzes a set of public employment policies, both in the short and long term, to try to measure mainly the effects on growth, welfare, and employment, within a framework of endogenous growth models with friction in the labor market (search and matching), calibrated for the US economy and different extensions and frameworks are considered depending on the different sub-objectives to be achieved in each of the chapters that make up the work.Chapter 2 studies the behavior of the labor market within the framework of a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous growth and accumulation of human capital. The long-term macroeconomic effects of public employment policies are analyzed, both fiscal and incentives for the accumulation of human capital (through public investment in education for the training of its workers). The results show that when choosing which “tax mix” is more appropriate to achieve improvements in employment, growth, and well-being, it is preferable to reduce the tax burden of factor taxes in favor of consumption tax and it is always going to be better to cut the earned income tax rather than the capital income tax (contrary to what has been found in most of the literature). On the expenditure side, increasing transfers is not a good fiscal policy while promoting public investment in training in companies does have a positive impact on the study variables; all financed with increases in the consumption tax or by resorting to cuts in fixed-sum social transfers...