Programas de fuerza en la arquitectura muscular del cuádriceps femoralrevisión sistemática

Résumé

Introduction and aim Muscle architecture is the arrangement of the contractile elements of the muscle defined as fascicle length (FL), penneatión angle (PA), muscle thickness (MT) and cross-sectional area (CSA). These are altered by injuries, being the quadriceps one of the muscle groups with the highest incidence. Therefore, the exploration of the variables that influence this circumstance constitutes a relevant task. The objective was to evaluate how strength and endurance training affect the muscle architecture of the quadriceps femoris. Methods A systematic search was carried out without time limitation, where they are included from 2007 to December 2019, in the databases Medline, Sport discus, Cinahl and Scopus obtaining 13 clinical trials after applying the selection criteria. Results The results show a high heterogeneity in the programs and methodologies of intervention, but observes that the muscular architecture sees modified after a program of strength, especially in those that use eccentric methods (PA Rectus femoris [Before] 12.44 ± 2.98/[After] 13.82 ± 3.8; MT Rectus femoris [Before] 2.1 ± 0.19/[After] 2.28 ± 0.31; FL Vastus lateralis [Before] 7.82 ± 1.88/[After] 8.57 ± 1.14; CSA Rectus femoris [Before] 9.21 ± 1.86/[After] 10.02 ± 1.98), that more frequently obtain significant changes in all architectural elements, and isometric that have showed changes in all quadriceps muscles studied. Conclusion Strength programs affect muscular architecture, especially those based on eccentric and isometric exercises.