Fourier series and orthogonal polynomials in Sobolev spaces

Resumo

In the last 30 years, the study of orthogonal polynomials in Sobolev spaces has obtained an increasing attention from the research community. The first work on Sobolev orthogonal polynomials was published in 1962 by Althammer, who studied the Legendre-Sobolev polynomials orthogonal with respect to the inner product. The study of this family of orthogonal polynomials is not only interesting for a comparison with the standard theory of orthogonal polynomials, but these polynomials also arise in a natural way in a variety of contexts. In this thesis, we analyze the properties of polynomials orthogonal with respect to a discrete Sobolev inner product. More precisely, we will focus our attention on the study of connection formulas relating Sobolev orthogonal polynomials with the corresponding ordinary ones. Indeed, we deal with some problems on asymptotic behavior of Sobolev orthogonal polynomials as well as we obtain some results on convergence of Fourier-Sobolev series. The present Thesis is organized as follows: In Chapter 1 we introduce the theory of Sobolev orthogonal polynomials and the notation that we will use along this Thesis. We summarize two main differences between the standard orthogonal polynomials and the Sobolev case: recurrence relations and the location of zeros of orthogonal polynomials. Here, we also include a thorough study about the known connection formulas. Finally, for a better understanding of our work, we give the state of the art about asymptotics and Fourier series of orthogonal polynomials, analyzing both the cases of measures with bounded and unbounded support, respectively. In Chapter 2 we study some algebraic and analytic aspects of certain family of Sobolev polynomials orthogonal with respect to a measure with a bounded support on the real line. In Section 2.1 we present an alternative proof for a known result about Outer Relative Asymptotics of Sobolev orthogonal polynomials. In Section 2.2 we also include a new matrix connection relating the matrix associated to the higher order recurrence relation for Sobolev polynomials and the corresponding Jacobi matrix associated to the standard ones. In Section 2.3 we show a result about pointwise convergence of Fourier-Sobolev series in the case of measures with bounded support. In Chapter 3 we summarize some known properties of polynomials orthogonal with respect to a modification of the Laguerre measure, the k-iterated Christoffel one. Later on, we obtain estimates for the norm of such polynomials as well as a generalized Christoffel formula for them. Finally, we present a detailed study about the diagonal Christoffel kernels associated to the Gamma distribution. In particular, we obtain the asymptotic behavior of these kernel polynomials both inside and outside the support of the measure. In Chapter 4 we deal with the Outer and Inner Relative Asymptotics of Sobolevtype orthogonal polynomials when the mass points are located inside the support of the measure, the oscillatory region for such polynomials. Finally, we obtain the asymptotic behavior of the coefficients appearing in the higher order recurrence relation that Sobolev polynomials satisfy. In Chapter 5 we show the divergence of a certain Fourier-Sobolev series. The main tool for this purpose will be a Cohen type inequality. This problem is dealing for the first time for a Sobolev-type inner product with a mass point outside the support of the measure.