La selección de atletas élite desde edad tempranareflexión desde la perspectiva de los sistemas complejos

  1. García Manso, Juan Manuel 1
  2. Valverde Esteve, Teresa 2
  3. de la Paz Arencibia, Lázaro 3
  4. Martínez Patiño, María José 4
  1. 1 Departamento de Educación de Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España)
  2. 2 Universidad de Valencia (España)
  3. 3 UCCFD Manuel Fajardo, Cuba
  4. 4 Universidad de Vigo (España)
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Revista:
PODIUM: Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología en la Cultura Física

ISSN: 1996-2452

Ano de publicación: 2022

Volume: 17

Número: 3

Páxinas: 1225-1242

Tipo: Artigo

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Outras publicacións en: PODIUM: Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología en la Cultura Física

Resumo

Introdução: Neste estudo, examinou-se a adequação da seleção de atletas de elite desde tenra idade.Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o comportamento identificado em pesquisas anteriores também ocorre entre os melhores atletas do mundo de todos os tempos que competem na prova de 100 metros.Materiais e métodos: Para isso, e com base na análise das classificações oficiais de todos os tempos para homens e mulheres da Associação Internacional de Federações de Atletismo na prova supracitada, foram utilizadas amostras em categoria absoluta (Top-1.000 até 31/12 /2018) e sub-20 (Top-100 até 31/12/2003); Leis de potência e outras estratégias típicas de sistemas complexos foram aplicadas para analisar os dados.Resultados: Os resultados mostram como, muitas vezes, os melhores corredores masculinos e femininos do mundo na categoria sub-20 não evoluem positivamente durante o resto de sua carreira esportiva, melhorando seus registros nas categorias superiores. Apenas 51 homens dos 100 melhores corredores sub-20 de todos os tempos conseguiram melhorar seus tempos quando chegaram à categoria sênior, e as melhorias nem sempre mostraram progressões estatisticamente significativas. Consequentemente, um investimento excessivo em recursos humanos e materiais para identificar indivíduos com altas habilidades atléticas nem sempre é a melhor estratégia.Conclusões: o esporte de nível em idade precoce pode ser um erro metodológico que deve ser evitado na construção das reservas esportivas de um país ou federação esportiva.

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Fonte de datos: Dialnet