Actividades físicas y deportivas extraescolares en adolescentes del municipio de Maracena: tiempo de práctica, motivación, satisfacción y relación de los programas de educación física con la oferta pública y privada

Abstract

Extracurricular physical sport activity (EPSA) and physical education (PE) complement each other to achieve the recommendations indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO), i. e. 60 minutes a day for kids and teenagers with ages between 5 and 17, with three days of intense load. The main objective of this Doctoral Thesis is to analyse the practice time, motivation and satisfaction of the adolescent population of the municipality of Maracena, in relation to the offers EPSA. Additionally, we aimed to know the professional profile, the teaching organisation and the satisfaction of sports instructors (SI) and also to verify if there is a relationship between the offered EPSA and the PE programmes in secondary education schools. With the intention of responding to this macro-objective, four studies were carried out; the specific objectives of which were: To find out the occupation of the free time of the adolescent school population of Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE) and High School Diploma in the city of Maracena according to the offer of organised EPSA (study 1); to analyse the professional profile, job satisfaction and teaching organisation of their SI (study 2); to identify the degree of motivation, enjoyment and boredom of the adolescents with respect to their EPSA practice and the relationship with the satisfaction, perceived quality and general value of the sports entities in which they practised (study 3); to evaluate the satisfaction, importance and usefulness given by adolescent students in the PE subject and its relationship with sports dropout, as well as to identify which PE contents they value most and verify whether they are related to the offer of AFDE (study 4). The number of participants per research work was: 1,128 for study 1, 60 SI for study 2, 307 from the first study participated in study 3 and 925 in study 4. The results of the present Doctoral Thesis show that: 1. The time of school motor commitment, together with the time spent out of school, was not enough for most of them to reach the WHO recommendations. Additionally, boys were the ones who mainly practised collective sports whereas girls practice mostly individual sports, with a reduction in the practice of EPSA over time (study 1); 2. The majority of SI had qualifications related to the practice they managed, being generally satisfied in both the intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions, with higher satisfaction levels among women than among men, while finding a slight negative correlation with regard to qualifications and extrinsic satisfaction (study 2); 3. Athletes generally enjoyed, were motivated and felt satisfied with the service offered at the sports facilities. Girls showed higher levels of enjoyment and motivation than boys, while the opposite tendency was found for perceived quality, satisfaction and value of the service. Extrinsic motivation was in this case a negative predictor of satisfaction (study 3); and 4. The students of CSE and High School Diploma levels in the municipality generally enjoyed, were not bored and gave great importance to the PE subject, with boys showing better rates than girls and concluding that the importance assigned to PE was a positive predictor of environmental and social reasons for dropping out of sports. There is little PE content in Maracena's secondary schools related to the extracurricular offer in the municipality (study 4). Based on these findings, emphasis can be placed on the proposal to increase the number of PE hours in schools, to promote a specific training campaign for SI of all sports specialities and, by knowing the profile of all professionals, we can try to improve their conditions. Furthermore, by having access to the perceptions and motivations of sportspeople in their sports services, protocols can be created to prevent them from dropping out of sports, thus favouring their loyalty. On the other hand, due to the harmony that exists between the subject of PE and the offer of EPSA in the municipality, synergies can be promoted so that the PE contents that most attract adolescents can be offered in the extracurricular services and, at the same time, the proposed contents can also be related to those offered, so that a greater motor commitment among adolescents can be promoted.