Mixture separations with zeolitesmolecular view on adsorptive processes

Resumo

Computational chemistry methods have been employed in the study of zeolite materials applied to separation processes. A classical approach was considered, where the force fields were selected during benchmark procedures among the models currently available. The obtained results have been validated considering experimental data, and models description was improved, when possible, by parameterization procedures. Thus, the best models described systems with different degrees of complexity, that were simulated through Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo methods. Diffusion and adsorption in zeolites' micropores (bulk) and external surface could be understood at a molecular level. The adsorption energy was calculated, and its magnitude also decomposed into the electrostatic and van der Waals contributions. Besides, a closer look into the host-guest and guest-guest interactions could be done during the trajectories simulated. Considering the growing energetic demand worldwide, biofuels are considered a sustainable option obtained from biomass. The steps of the experimental process developed by Denayer et al. for biobutanol recovery from a fermented mixture have been successfully simulated. Both adsorption and desorption cycles in two zeolitic columns with complementary selectivity (LTA and CHA-type) were modeled as nanosheet systems, considering the main experimental features. Although the experimental time scales are unreachable for the current computational resources available, the systems simulated could capture the experimental phenomena, and were further evaluated through the microscopic behavior of the systems. An experimental and computational study pointed pure silica STW (Si-STW) as a promising candidate for the separation of linear, monobranched and dibranched alkanes. C5 to C7 isomers were tested, and Si-STW material outperformed pure silica MFI adsorption capacity and selectivity, specially towards the dibranched isomers with quaternary carbon atoms. Adsorption isotherms, heat of adsorption and the diffusional behavior of the tested hydrocarbons have been calculated, and compared with the experimental results. Thus, Si-STW adsorptive properties can be further explored for its usage over the product obtained during the hydromerisation process - that generates higher-octane components for gasoline mixture -, increasing its octane number. The production of 6-kestose for industrial usage as prebiotic and low-glycemic sugar is dependent on its separation from sucrose molecules. The separation of an equimolar aqueous mixture, containing sucrose and 6-kestose, by zeolitic membranes have been investigated through Molecular Dynamics simulations. A screening considering the 253 zeolites structures reported, pointed out the three most promising candidates (AET, ETR and DON), by evaluating the size exclusion effect (adsorption of sucrose and exclusion of 6-kestose), the mobility of both sugars inside the frameworks (evaluated with bulk models), and simulating their future application as membrane systems. Among the best candidates, DON framework presented a significant selectivity for sucrose molecules, with the largest flux, and being feasible as a pure silica material, matching the chemical composition simulated.