Using video for fact-checking on Facebook. Analysis of the trend and reach of Ibero-American production (2016-2021)

  1. Dafonte-Gómez, Alberto 1
  2. García-Crespo, Oswaldo 1
  3. Ramahí-García, Diana 1
  1. 1 Universidade de Vigo
    info

    Universidade de Vigo

    Vigo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05rdf8595

Revista:
El profesional de la información

ISSN: 1386-6710,  1699-2407

Ano de publicación: 2023

Título do exemplar: Disinformation and online media

Volume: 32

Número: 5

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.3145/EPI.2023.SEP.11 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: El profesional de la información

Resumo

Las redes sociales –y Facebook en particular– se han convertido en un elemento importante de la dieta informativa para millones de personas en todo el mundo. Al utilizarlas, los medios de comunicación tradicionales pierden el control del canal de distribución de sus contenidos, cuyo alcance depende ahora, en primer lugar, de los criterios de relevancia establecidos por las propias redes y, en segundo lugar, de las interacciones generadas por la audiencia en cada publica-ción. La investigación sobre periodismo ha abordado en múltiples ocasiones el problema del alcance y la eficacia de los fact-checkers, buscando respuestas en los rasgos sociodemográficos de sus audiencias o en las características de sus pu-blicaciones, sin embargo, suelen obviarse factores como la influencia de los algoritmos que seleccionan el contenido al que los usuarios se ven expuestos en las redes sociales. Este artículo trata de realizar una contribución en ambas vertien-tes: en primer lugar ofrece un análisis sobre la evolución de la producción, visionados y engagement de los vídeos pu-blicados por los fact-checkers iberoamericanos en Facebook entre 2016 y 2021 (n=9.075), los compara con los datos del total de publicaciones y los relaciona con cambios en el algoritmo del News Feed; en segundo lugar plantea un análisis de contenido para identificar elementos formales y temáticos en los vídeos de mayor éxito en el mismo período (n=414) y los pone en relación con la investigación previa. Nuestros resultados permiten identificar características comunes a los vídeos de mayor éxito pero también cambios en la producción de vídeo, y caídas en los ratios de visualizaciones e interacciones más acentuadas que en el conjunto de publicaciones del periodo. Aunque el enfoque de esta investigación no permite hacer inferencias causales directas, las tendencias identificadas coinciden con modificaciones en el algoritmo del News Feed de Facebook con respecto al vídeo.

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