Lesiones en el judo de éliterevisión sistemática

  1. Andrea Insua Iglesias 1
  2. Oliveira, Iris Machado de 1
  3. Aldara Vázquez Méndez 1
  4. Irimia Mollinedo Cardalda 1
  1. 1 Universidade de Vigo
    info

    Universidade de Vigo

    Vigo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05rdf8595

Revue:
Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

ISSN: 1579-1726,  1988-2041

Année de publication: 2024

Número: 51

Pages: 822-832

Type: Article

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D'autres publications dans: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

Résumé

Introducción: El judo es un arte marcial sin armas caracterizado principalmente por la necesidad de agarrar, proyectar e inmovilizar al oponente. Con los años ha ido ganando popularidad, albergando competiciones de élite, haciendo necesario conocer que situaciones lesionales pueden aparecer y así poder evitarlas. Objetivo: Conocer la evidencia científica más actual sobre la epidemiología de las lesiones en el judo de élite y, de manera secundaria, estudiar diferencias entre categorías de peso, sexos y modalidad. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica mediante una búsqueda sistematizada durante enero y febrero de 2023 en las bases de datos Cinahl, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus y Sport Discus. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada mediante la escala Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años con una buena calidad metodológica. Conclusión: Los/as judokas de élite presentan una mayor incidencia lesional en competición frente a entrenamientos. La rodilla y el hombro fueron las articulaciones más frecuentes de lesión. Como tipo de lesión predomina el esguince ligamentoso, pero por su gravedad destacan la rotura de ligamento cruzado anterior de la rodilla y las lesiones de cabeza y cuello. El mecanismo de acción más común es el hecho de ser tirado por el/la oponente. Las mujeres tuvieron más lesiones que los hombres y los pesos bajos respecto a los altos. También se observó que los hombres tienen más tendencia a sufrir lesiones en el tronco mientras que las mujeres en el miembro inferior.

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