Análisis de los determinantes de la decisión de viajar de los senior españoles

  1. Mª Nieves Losada Sánchez
  2. Mª Elisa Alén González
  3. Trinidad Domínguez Vila
Journal:
Estudios y perspectivas en turismo

ISSN: 1851-1732 0327-5841

Year of publication: 2015

Volume: 24

Issue: 1

Pages: 1-20

Type: Article

More publications in: Estudios y perspectivas en turismo

Abstract

Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Travel Decision of Spanish Senior. The senior represent a market of particular relevance for a large number of industries. These include the tourism sector as one of the biggest beneficiaries of the changes in the lifestyles of the population, currently more geared to the enjoyment than previous generations and therefore more likely to travel. This group stands out for its enormous potential, but also by its heterogeneity with regard to their condition of travelers. In this context, the aim of this paper is to analysis the factors influencing the travel decision for people over 55 years in Spain. To identify the variables that determine their travel trend an analysis binary logistic regression was used. The results reveal that beyond income and time available, travelling will be explained by a set of personal variables, such as the internal or perceived age, the stage of the life cycle in which they are located, the sociocultural level, which causes the differences between the different generational cohorts, and certain subjective variables which represent the main barriers for the senior trip. Those are called self-perceived factors. Finally, it is shown that there are many managerial implications of great importance for the tourism sector.

Bibliographic References

  • Álvarez, A. (1994). El ocio turístico en las sociedades industriales avanzadas. Bosch. Barcelona.
  • Anken, A. K, Chaipooopirutana, S, Combs, H. (2008). Psychographics and patronage behaviour of mature consumers in Thailand. International Review of Business Papers. 45-56
  • Armandans, I. (2002). Actividad de ocio-turístico y personas mayores: Análisis de diferencias psicosociales entre "viajeros" y "no viajeros".
  • Bojanic, D. C. (1992). A look at a modernized family life cycle and overseas travel. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 61-79
  • Blazey, M. A. (1992). Travel and retirement status. Annals of Tourism Research. 771-783
  • Bloom, D, Canning, D. (2006). Booms, busts and echoes. Finance & Development, International Monetary Fund. 8-13
  • Bone, P. (1991). Identifying mature segments. The Journal of Consumer Marketing. 19-32
  • Cea, M. A. (2002). Análisis multivariable: teoría y práctica en la investigación social. Síntesis. Madrid.
  • Chen, H. W. J. (2009). Baby boomers´ and Seniors´ Domestic Travel Motivations: An examination of citizens in Tainan, Taiwan.
  • Chen, C, Wu, C. (2009). How motivations, constraints, and demographic factors predict seniors´ overseas travel propensity. Asia Pacific Management Review. 301-312
  • Cooper, C, Fletcher, J, Fyall, A, Gilbert, D, Wanhill, S. (2007). El turismo: teoría y práctica. Síntesis. Madrid.
  • (2006). The impact of ageing on public expenditure: projections for the EU25 Member States on pensions, health care, long term care, education and unemployment transfers (2004-2050).
  • Cosenza, R. M, Davis, D. L. (1981). Family vacation decision making over the family life cycle: a decision and influence structure analysis. Journal of Travel Research. 17-23
  • Crawford, D, Jackson, E, Goodbey, G. (1991). A hierarchical model of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences. 309-320
  • Cuenca, M. (1995). El tiempo libre y ocio en las personas mayores. Las actividades económicas de las personas mayores. Madrid. 83-98
  • Dann, S. (2007). Branded generations: baby boomers moving into the seniors market. Journal of Product & Brand Management. 429-431
  • Faranda, W. T, Schmidt, S. L. (1999). Segmentation and the senior traveler: Implications for today´s and tomorrow´s aging consumer. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 3-27
  • Fleischer, A, Pizam, A. (2002). Tourism constraints among Israeli seniors. Annals of Tourism Research. 106-123
  • Fodness, D. (1992). The impact of family life cycle on the vacation decision-making process. Journal of Travel Research. 8-13
  • Gibson, H. J. (2006). Leisure and later life: past, present and future. Leisure Studies. 397-401
  • Gil, E. (2004). El «poder gris»: Consecuencias culturales y políticas del envejecimiento de la población", Consecuencias de la Evolución Demográfica en la Economía. Información Comercial Española. ICE: Revista de Economía. 219-230
  • Glover, P, Prideaux, B. (2009). Implications of population ageing for the development of tourism products and destinations. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 25-37
  • Hong, G. S, Fan, J. X, Palmer, L, Bhargava, V. (2005). Leisure travel expenditure patterns by family life cycle stages. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 15-30
  • Huh, C. (2006). A study of changes in patterns of travel behavior over time: a cohort analysis approach.
  • (2010). Instituto de Estudios Turísticos: Encuesta de los Movimientos Turísticos de los Españoles (Familitur).
  • (2010). Instituto de Estudios Turísticos: Encuesta de Gasto Turístico (Egatur), Movimientos Turísticos en Fronteras (Frontur).
  • (2010). INEbase: Demografía y población. Padrón. Población por municipios.
  • Jang, S. (Shawn), Ham, S. (2009). A double-hurdle analysis of travel expenditure: baby boomers seniors versus older seniors. Tourism Management. 372-380
  • Le Serre, D. (2008). Who is the senior consumer?.
  • Le Serre, D, Chevalier, C. (2012). Marketing travel services to senior consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 262-270
  • Lohmann, M, Danielsson, J. (2001). Predicting travel patterns of senior citizens: How the past may provide a key to the future. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 357-366
  • Mahadevan, R. (2014). Understanding senior self-drive tourism in Australia using a contingency behavior model. Journal of Travel Research. 252-259
  • March, R. (2000). The Japanese travel life cycle. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 185-200
  • McGuire, F. A. (1984). A factor analytic study of leisure constraints in advanced adulthood. Leisure Sciences. 313-326
  • Metz, D, Underwood, M. (2005). Older, richer, fitter: identifying the customer needs of Britain´s ageing population. Age Concern England. London.
  • Moschis, G. P. (1992). Marketing to older consumers: a handbook of information for strategy development. Quorum Books. Westport.
  • Nyaupane, G. P, McCabe, J. T, Andereck, K. L. (2008). Seniors´ travel constraints: stepwise logistic regression analysis. Tourism Analysis. 341-354
  • Oates, B, Shufeldt, L, Vaught, B. (1996). A psychographic study of the elderly and retail store attributes. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 14-27
  • Oppermann, M. (1995). Family life cycle and cohort effects: a study of travel patterns of German residents. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 23-44
  • Oppermann, M. (1995). Travel life cycle. Annals of Tourism Research. 535-552
  • Patterson, I. (2006). Growing older: Tourism and leisure behaviour of older adults. Cabi. Cambridge.
  • Pennington-Gray, L. A, Kerstetter, D. L. (2002). Testing a constraints model within the context of nature-based tourism. Journal of Travel Research. 416-423
  • Plog, S. C. (2005). Global Tourism. 3ª ed. Butterworth-Heinemann. Boston. 271-293
  • Prayag, G. (2012). Senior travelers’ motivations and future behavioral intentions: The case of nice. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 665-681
  • (1997). Incidencia socioeconómica de los programas de vacaciones para mayores y termalismo social del IMSERSO. Instituto de Migraciones y Servicios Sociales. Madrid.
  • Prideaux, B, Wei, S, Ruys, H. (2001). The senior drive tour market in Australia. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 209-219
  • Ramos, I. (2005). El estilo de vida de las personas mayores y la comunicación publicitaria: Un análisis empírico.
  • Reece, W. S. (2004). Are senior leisure travelers different?. Journal of Travel Research. 11-18
  • Romsa, G, Blenman, M. (1989). Vacation patterns of the elderly German. Annals of Tourism Research. 178-188
  • Ryan, C. (1995). Learning about tourists from conversations: the over-55s in Majorca. Tourism Management. 207-215
  • Ryan, C, Trauer, B. (2005). Global Tourism. 3ª ed. Butterworth-Heinemann. Boston. 510-528
  • Sakai, M, Brown, J, Mak, J. (2000). Population aging and Japanese international travel in the 21st century. Journal of Travel Research. 212-220
  • Sánchez, P. (2000). Sociología de la vejez versus economía de la vejez. Papers. Revista de Sociología. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Barcelona. 39-88
  • Schröder, A, Widmann, T. (2007). Trends and issues in Global Tourism. Springer. Berlín. 3-17
  • Shim, S, Gehert, K. C, Siek, M. (2005). Attitude and behaviour regarding pleasure travel among mature consumers: a socialization perspective. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 69-81
  • Silvers, C. (1997). Smashing old stereotypes of 50-plus America. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 303-309
  • Wang, Y. (2005). An exploratory study of travel constructs in mature tourism.
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2006). Introducción a la econometría: un enfoque moderno. Thomson Learning. Madrid.
  • Wu, C. M. E. (2003). An exploratory study of Taiwanese seniors´ travel motivations and travel behavior.
  • Yeoman, I, Schanzel, H, Smith, K. (2013). A sclerosis of demography: How ageing populations lead to the incremental decline of New Zealand tourism. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 91-103
  • You, X, O'Leary, J. T. (2000). Age and cohort effects: an examination of older Japanese travelers. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 21-42
  • Zhang, Q, Cui, L. (2013). Regional senior tourism marketing strategy research. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology. 3087-3091
  • Zimmer, Z, Brayley, R. E, Searle, M. S. (1995). Whether to go and where to go: identification of important influences on seniors´ decisions to travel. Journal of Travel Research. 3-10
  • Zimmerman, C. A. (1982). The life cycle concept as a tool for travel research. Transportation. 51-69