Ejercicio activo en la fase aguda posquirúrgica de una reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anteriorrevisión sistemática

  1. Barrero-Santiago, Laura
  2. Santiago-Pescador, Salvador
  3. Santos-Lozano, Alejandro
  4. Justo-Cousiño, Lorenzo Antonio 1
  1. 1 Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes
    info

    Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes

    Valladolid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02p350r61

Revista:
Sportis: Revista Técnico-Científica del Deporte Escolar, Educación Física y Psicomotricidad

ISSN: 2386-8333

Ano de publicación: 2020

Volume: 6

Número: 3

Páxinas: 555-583

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.17979/SPORTIS.2020.6.3.5968 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: Sportis: Revista Técnico-Científica del Deporte Escolar, Educación Física y Psicomotricidad

Resumo

La rotura del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es una de las lesiones más comunes, que constituyen casi el 50% del total de las lesiones ligamentosas de rodilla. A lo largo de los años se han creado diversas guías prácticas y protocolos para su tratamiento. Sin embargo, aunque varios estudios confirman los beneficios que aporta una rehabilitación precoz, no existe consenso sobre qué ejercicios activos se deberían realizar en fases tempranas. Por ello, en este estudio se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática con el objetivo de analizar ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que han aplicado ejercicios en la rehabilitación precoz de una reconstrucción del LCA. Este estudio pretende determinar si el ejercicio activo en fase aguda posquirúrgica reporta beneficios y acorta el tiempo de tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en las diferentes variables (fuerza, dolor, rango de movimiento, laxitud ligamentaria y circunferencia del miembro inferior) en comparación con la valoración inicial de los respectivos protocolos. Por lo tanto, el ejercicio activo parece ser efectivo para favorecer la recuperación en fases tempranas posquirúrgicas, destacando el trabajo de potenciación de cuádriceps en fase precoz para la ganancia de rango de movimiento y disminución de la sintomatología. Actualmente no existen suficientes estudios realizados durante las dos primeras semanas posquirúrgicas para confirmar los beneficios del ejercicio activo.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Adams, D., Logerstedt, D., Hunter-Giordano, A., Axe, M. J., y Snyder-Mackler, L. (2012). Current concepts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A criterion-based rehabilitation progression. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther., 42(7), 601-614. doi: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2012.3871
  • Alanís-Blancas, L. M., Zamora-Muñoz, P., y Cruz-Miranda, Á. (2012). Ruptura de ligamento cruzado anterior en mujeres deportistas. An Med (Mex), 57(2), 93-97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915234
  • Alberton, C. L., Cadore, E. L., Pinto, S. S., Tartaruga, M. P., da Silva, E. M., y Kruel, L. F. M. (2011). Cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular and kinematic responses to stationary running performed in water and on dry land. Eur J Appl Physiol., 111(6), 1157-1166. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1747-5
  • Andrade, R., Pereira, R., Van Cingel, R., Staal, J. B., y Espregueira-Mendes, J. (2019). How should clinicians rehabilitate patients after ACL reconstruction? A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) with a focus on quality appraisal (AGREE II). Br J Sports Med. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100310
  • Arroll, B., Robb, G. S. E. (2003). The diagnosis and management of soft tissue knee injuries: internal derangements. New Zealand Guidelines Group, 1-99.
  • Bleakley, C. M., Glasgow, P., y MacAuley, D. C. (2012). PRICE needs updating, should we call the POLICE? Br J Sports Med., 46(4), 220-221. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090297
  • Castillo-Lozano, R., Cuesta-Vargas, A., y Gabel, C. P. (2014). Analysis of arm elevation muscle activity through different movement planes and speeds during in-water and dry-land exercise. J Shoulder Elbow Surg., 23(2), 159-165. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2013.04.010
  • Cuesta-Vargas, A. I., Cano-Herrera, C. L., y Heywood, S. (2013). Analysis of the neuromuscular activity during rising from a chair in water and on dry land. J Electromyogr Kinesiol., 23(6), 1446-1450. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.06.001
  • De Carlo, M. S., Shelbourne, K. D., McCarroll, J. R., y Rettig, A. C. (1992). Traditional versus accelerated rehabilitation following ACL Reconstruction: A one-year follow-up. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther., 15(6), 309-316. doi: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1992.15.6.309
  • De Morton, N. A. (2009). The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. Aust J Physiother., 55(2), 129-133. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70043-1
  • Frobell, R. B., Roos, H. P., Roos, E. M., Roemer, F. W., Ranstam, J., y Lohmander, L. S. (2013). Treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tear: Five-year outcome of randomised trial. BMJ, 346(7895). doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f232
  • Glasgow, P., Phillips, N., y Bleakley, C. (2015). Optimal loading: key variables and mechanisms. Br J Sports Med., 49(5), 278-279. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094443
  • Graf, B. K., Ott, J. W., Lange, R. H., y Keene, J. S. (1994). Risk factors for restricted motion after anterior cruciate reconstruction. Orthopedics, 17(10), 909-912.
  • Hauger, A. V., Reiman, M. P., Bjordal, J. M., Sheets, C., Ledbetter, L., y Goode, A. P. (2018). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is effective in strengthening the quadriceps muscle after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc., 26(2), 399-410. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-017-4669-5
  • Hewett, T. E., Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Paterno, M. V, y Quatman, C. E. (2016). Mechanisms, prediction, and prevention of ACL injuries: Cut risk with three sharpened and validated tools. J Orthop Res., 34(11), 1843-1855. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.23414
  • Hooper, D.M., Morrissey, M.C., Drechsler, W., Morrissey, D. K. J. (2001). Open and closed kinetic chain exercises in the early period after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med., 29(2), 167-174. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465010290020901
  • Hurd, W. J., Axe, M. J., y Snyder-Mackler, L. (2008). Influence of age, gender, and injury mechanism on the development of dynamic knee stability after acute ACL rupture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther., 38(2), 36-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2008.38.1.A36
  • Jewiss, D., Ostman, C., y Smart, N. (2017). Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Sports Med (Hindawi Publ Corp), 1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4721548
  • Kaeding, C. C., Léger-St-Jean, B., y Magnussen, R. A. (2017). Epidemiology and diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Clin Sports Med., 36(1), 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2016.08.001
  • Kim, K.-M., Croy, T., Hertel, J., y Saliba, S. (2010). Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on quadriceps strength, function, and patient-oriented outcomes: A Systematic Review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther., 40(7), 383-391. doi: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3184
  • Labanca, L., Rocchi, J. E., Laudani, L., Guitaldi, R., Virgulti, A., Mariani, P. P., y Macaluso, A. (2017). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation superimposed on movement early after ACL surgery. Med Sci Sports Exerc., 50(3), 407-416. doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001462
  • Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. et al (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med., 21;6(7). doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100
  • Lieber, R. L., Silva, P. D., y Daniel, D. M. (1996). Equal effectiveness of electrical and volitional strength training for quadriceps femoris muscles after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. J Orthop Res., 14(1), 131-138. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100140121
  • Logerstedt, D. S., Scalzitti, D., Risberg, M. A., Engebretsen, L., Webster, K. E., Feller, J., et al. (2017). Knee stability and movement coordination impairments: Knee ligament sprain revision 2017. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. doi: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2017.0303
  • López Villar, C., y Alvariñas Villaverde, M. (2011). Sample Analysis from a Gender Perspective in Spanish Physical Activity and Sports Science Research Journals. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 106, 62-70. doi: https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2011/4).106.08
  • Meuffels, D. E., Poldervaart, M. T., Diercks, R. L., Fievez, A. W. F. M., Patt, T. W., Van Der Hart, C. P., et al. (2012). Guideline on anterior cruciate ligament injury. Acta Orthop, 83(4), 379-386. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2012.704563
  • Moritani, T., Nakamura, T., Tamaki, A., Hasegawa, S., Kobayashi, M., y Arai, R. (2011). Effect of early implementation of electrical muscle stimulation to prevent muscle atrophy and weakness in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol., 21(4), 622-630. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.01.005
  • Morrissey, M. C., Drechsler, W. I., Morrissey, D., Knight, P. R., Armstrong, P. W., y Mcauliffe, T. B. (2002). Effects of distally fixated versus resistance training on knee pain in the early period after anterior, Phys Ther., 82(1), 35-43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/82.1.35
  • Morrissey, M.C., Hudson, Z.L., Drechsler, W.I., Coutts, F.J., Knight, PR K. J. (2000). Effects of open versus closed kinetic chain training on knee laxity in the early period after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc, 8(6), 343-348. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001670000161
  • Musahl, V., y Karlsson, J. (2019). Anterior cruciate ligament tear. N Engl J Med., 380(24), 2341-2348. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1805931
  • Nussbaum, E. L., Houghton, P., Anthony, J., Rennie, S., Shay, B. L., y Hoens, A. M. (2017). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for treatment of muscle impairment: Critical review and recommendations for clinical practice. Physiother Can., 69(5): 1-76. doi: https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2015-88
  • Palmieri-Smith, R. M., Thomas, A. C., y Wojtys, E. M. (2008). Maximizing Quadriceps Strength After ACL Reconstruction. Clin Sports Med., 27(3), 405-424. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2008.02.001
  • Risberg, M. A., Holm, I., Tjomsland, O., Ljunggren, E., y Ekeland, A. (1999). Prospective study of changes in impairments and disabilities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther., 29(7), 400-412. doi: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1999.29.7.400
  • Risberg, M.A., Lewek, M, S. (2004). A systematic review of evidence for anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation: how much and what type? Phys Ther Sport., 5(3), 125-145. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2004.02.003
  • Robb, G., Reid, D., Arroll, B., Jackson, R. T., y Goodyear-Smith, F. (2007). General practitioner diagnosis and management of acute knee injuries: summary of an evidence-based guideline. N Z Med J., 16;120 (1249):U2419.
  • Samuelsen, B. T., Webster, K. E., Johnson, N. R., Hewett, T. E., y Krych, A. J. (2017). Hamstring autograft versus patellar tendon autograft for ACL reconstruction: Is there a difference in graft failure rate? A Meta-analysis of 47,613 patients. Clin Orthop Relat Res., 475(10), 2459-2468. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-017-5278-9
  • Shaw, T., Williams, M. T., y Chipchase, L. S. (2005). Do early quadriceps exercises affect the outcome of ACL reconstruction? A randomised controlled trial. Aust J Physiother., 51(1), 9-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(05)70048-9
  • Slemenda, C., Brandt, K. D., Heilman, D. K., Mazzuca, S., Braunstein, E. M., Katz, B. P., y Wolinsky, F. D. (1997). Quadriceps weakness and osteoarthritis of the knee. Ann Intern Med., 15;127(2), 97-104. doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00001
  • Stanley, L. E., Kerr, Z. Y., Dompier, T. P., y Padua, D. A. (2016). Sex differences in the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and meniscal injuries in collegiate and high school sports: 2009-2010 through 2013-2014. Am J Sports Med., 44(6), 1565-1572. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516630927
  • Sutton, K. M., y Bullock, J. M. (2013). Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: Differences Between Males and Females. J Am Acad Orthop Surg., 21(1), 41-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-21-01-41
  • Thomas, A. C., Wojtys, E. M., Brandon, C., y Palmieri-Smith, R. M. (2016). Muscle atrophy contributes to quadriceps weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Sci Med Sport., 19(1), 7-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.12.009
  • Tovin, B. J., Wolf, S. L., Greenfield, B. H., Crouse, J., y Woodfin, B. A. (1994). Comparison of the effects of exercise in water and on land on the rehabilitation of patients with intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Phys Ther., 74(8), 710-719. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/74.8.710
  • Van Melick, N., van Cingel, R. E. H., Brooijmans, F., Neeter, C., van Tienen, T., Hullegie, W., y Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M. W. G. (2016). Evidence-based clinical practice update: practice guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation based on a systematic review and multidisciplinary consensus. Br J Sports Med., 50(24), 1506-1515. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095898
  • Van Tulder, M., Furlan, A., Bombardier, C., y Bouter, L. (2003). Updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. Spine. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200306150-00014
  • Voskanian, N. (2013). ACL Injury prevention in female athletes: review of the literature and practical considerations in implementing an ACL prevention program. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med., 6(2), 158-163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-013-9158-y
  • Widner, M., Dunleavy, M., y Lynch, S. (2019). Outcomes following ACL reconstruction based on graft type: Are all grafts equivalent? Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med., 12 (4), 460-465. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-019-09588-w
  • Wright, R. W., Haas, A. K., Anderson, J., Calabrese, G., Cavanaugh, J., Hewett, T. E. (2015). Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation: MOON Guidelines. Sports Health, 7(3), 239-243. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738113517855
  • Xie, X., Liu, X., Chen, Z., Yu, Y., Peng, S., y Li, Q. (2015). A Meta-Analysis of bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft versus four-strand hamstring tendon autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The Knee, 22(2), 100-110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2014.11.014
Fonte de datos: Dialnet