Eficacia y percepción del dolor en técnicas de estiramientos hold-relax y electroestimulación

  1. Jesús López Bedoya 1
  2. Mercedes Vernetta Santana 1
  3. Pedro Lizaur Girón 1
  4. María José Martínez Patiño 2
  5. Leopoldo Ariza Vargas 3
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

  2. 2 Universidade de Vigo
    info

    Universidade de Vigo

    Vigo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05rdf8595

  3. 3 Universidad de Córdoba
    info

    Universidad de Córdoba

    Córdoba, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05yc77b46

Mostrar afiliacións +
Revista:
Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte

ISSN: 1577-0354

Ano de publicación: 2020

Volume: 20

Número: 80

Páxinas: 623-640

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.15366/RIMCAFD2020.80.011 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte

Resumo

Se analizó el efecto de la técnica de estiramiento HOLD RELAX sin (HR) y con electroestimulación (HR+EE) sobre la mejora y retención del rango de movimiento (ROM) activo (AROM) y pasivo (PROM) de cadera en flexión, y la percepción del dolor durante su aplicación. 42 deportistas fueron asignados a tres grupos: control, HR y HR+EE. El ROM fue medido con el test Straight-Leg-Raise antes, al finalizar el entrenamiento y trascurridas 2 semanas de su finalización. La valoración del dolor se realizó con la escala EVA. El ANOVA mostró un aumento significativo del PROM (p<0,001) en HR y HR+EE, no así del AROM. No se observaron pérdidas significativas del PROM en la retención de sendos grupos. En cuanto al dolor, no existieron diferencias significativas en los valores de EVA al aplicar ambas técnicas. Tanto HR como HR+EE fueron bien toleradas en cuanto a la percepción del dolor.  

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Adler, S. S.; Berkers, D. &amp; Buck, M. (2002). La Facilitación Neuromuscular Propioceptiva en la práctica. Guía ilustrada. Buenos Aires: Editorial Panamericana.
  • Basas, A. (2001). Metodología de la electroestimulación en el deporte. Revista Fisioterapia, 23, 36-47.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/S0211-5638(01)72971-9
  • Bernhart, C. M. (2013). A Review of Stretching Techniques and Their Effects on Exercise. Senior Honors Theses. Available from: http://digitalcommons.liberty.ed/honors/383.
  • Besson, J.M. &amp; Chaouch, A. (1987). Peripheral and spinal mechanisms of nocipception. Physiological Reviews, 67, 67-186. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1987.67.1.67
  • Bonnar, B. P., Deivert, R. G. &amp; Gould, T. E. (2004). The relationship between isometric contraction durations during hold-relax stretching and improvement of hamstring flexibility. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 44, 258-261.
  • Burke, D. G., Holt, R., Rasmussen, N. C., MacKinnon, J. F., Vossen y Pelham, T. W. (2001). Effects of hot or cold water immersion and modified proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation flexibility exercises on hamstring length. J. Athletic Train, 36, 16-19.
  • Douda, H. T., Toubekis, A. G, Avloniti, A. A. &amp; Tokmakidis, S. P. (2008). Physiological and Anthropometric Determinants of Rhythmic Gymnastics Performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 3, 41-54.
  • https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.1.41
  • Espejo, L., Maya, J., Cardero, M. A., &amp; Albornoz, M. (2012). Aumento de la extensibilidad isquiotibial tras aplicar elongación muscular eléctrica. Fisioterapia. 34(3), 112–117.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ft.2012.01.001
  • Feland, J. B., &amp; Marin, H. N. (2004). Effect of submaximal contraction intensity in contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(4): e18. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.010967
  • Feland J. B., Myrer J. W., Merrill R. M. (2001). Acute changes in hamstring flexibility: PNF versus static stretch in senior athletes. Physical Therapy in Sport, 2(4), 186-193.
  • https://doi.org/10.1054/ptsp.2001.0076
  • Ferber, R., Osternig, L., Gravelle, D. (2002). Effect of PNF stretch techniques on knee flexor muscle EMG activity in older adults. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 12(5), 391-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050-6411(02)00047-0
  • Funk, D. C., Swank, A. M., Mikla, B. M., Fagan, T. A., &amp; Farr, B. K. (2003). Impact of prior exercise on hamstring flexibility: a comparison of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17(3), 489-492.
  • https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200308000-00010
  • García-Manso, J. M., López-Bedoya, J., Rodríguez-Matoso, D., Ariza-Vargas, L., Rodríguez-Ruiz, D. &amp; Vernetta, M. (2015). Static-stretching vs. contract-relax - proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching: study the effect on muscle response using tensiomyography. European Journal of Human Movement, 34, 96-108.
  • González-Ravé, J, M., Sánchez-Gómez, A. &amp; Santos-García, D. J. (2012). Efficacy of Two Different Stretch Training Programs (Passive vs. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation) on Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion in Older People. Journal of Strength &amp; Conditioning Research, 26(4), 1045–1051.
  • https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822dd4dd
  • Harvey, D. &amp; Mansfield, C. (2000) Measuring Flexibility for Performance and Injury Prevention. En Gore (ed) Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes (pp. 98-113). Australian Sports Commission. Champaign: Human Kinetics.
  • Holt, L. E., Holt, J. B., Pelham, T. W. (1996). What research tells us about flexibility, I. Biomechanics in Sports. 13, 175–179.
  • Kenric, L. (2003). A Comparison of Different Methods for Improving Hamstring Flexibility. Tesis Doctoral. Florida Atlantic University.
  • Kim, J. J., Lee, S. Y. &amp; Ha, K. (2015). The efects of exercise using PNF in patients with a supraspinatus muscle tear. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27(8), 2443-2446.
  • https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.2443
  • Lee, J. H., Park, S. J., Na, S. S. (2013). The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Therapy on Pain and Function. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25, 713–716.
  • https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.713
  • Lopez-Bedoya, J., Robles, A., Vernetta, M., Piedra, J. &amp; Nunez, J. J. (2007). Efecto de dos tipos de entrenamiento de flexibilidad, hold relax (HR) y active isolated stretching (AIS), sobre el rango de movimiento pasivo de cadera en abduccion. En: ACUGA &amp; Alto Rendimiento (eds.) CD de actas del III Congreso Nacional de Ciencias del Deporte: Nutricion, Medicina y Rendimiento en el Joven Deportista. Pontevedra: Editores.
  • López-Bedoya, J., Vernetta, M., Lizaur, P., Martínez-Patiño, M. J. &amp; Ariza-Vargas, L. (en prensa). Comparación de técnicas de entrenamiento de flexibilidad (FNP) con y sin electroestimulación. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte.
  • López-Bedoya, J., Vernetta, M., Robles, A &amp; Ariza-Vargas, L. (2013). Effect of three types of flexibility training on active and passive hip range of motion. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 53(3), 304-11.
  • Maciel, A. C. &amp; Câmara, S. M. (2008). In?uência da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) associada ao19.alongamento muscular no ganho de ?exibilidade. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia, 5(12), 373-378.
  • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552008000500006
  • Merskey, H. &amp; Bogduk, N. (2005). Classification of Chronic Pain. Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms. Annals of Neurology, 57(3), 425-429.
  • Marshall, P. W., Cashman, A. &amp; Cheema, B. S. (2006). A randomized controlled trial for the effect of passive stretching on measures of hamstring extensibility, passive stiffness, strength, and stretch tolerance. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 14(6), 535–540.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.05.003
  • McCarthy P. W., Olsen J. P. &amp; Smeby I. H. (1997). Effects of contract-relax stretching procedures on active range of motion of the cervical spine in the transverse plane. Clinical Biomechanics, 12(2), 136-138.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(96)00060-5
  • Meroni, R., Cerri, C. G., Lanzarini, C., Barindelli, G., Della Morte, G., Gessaga, V., ... &amp; De Vito, G. (2010). Comparison of active stretching technique and static stretching technique on hamstring flexibility. Clinical journal of sport medicine, 20(1), 8-14.
  • https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181c96722
  • Nelson K. C. &amp; Cornelius W. L. (1991).The relationship between isometric contraction durations and improvement in shoulder joint range of motion. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 31(3), 385-388
  • Olesen, A.E., Andresen, T., Staahl, C. &amp; Drewes, A.M. (2012). Human experimental pain models for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of analgesic drugs. Pharmacological reviews, 64, 722–79.
  • https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.111.005447
  • Page, P. (2012). Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 7(1), 109-119.
  • Pérez, M. J. &amp; Álamo, A. D. (2001). Comparative study between muscular stretching by active tension and electrostimulation. Fisioterapia, 23, 10-14.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/S0211-5638(01)72924-0
  • Prentice, WE (1994). Therapeutic Modalities in Sports Medicine. London: Mosby.
  • Rowlands, A. V., Marginson, V. &amp; Lee, J. (2003). Chronic flexibility gains: effect of isometric contraction duration during proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching techniques. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74(1), 47-52.
  • https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609063
  • Rubley, M. D., Brucker, J. B., Ricard, M. D. &amp; Draper, D. O. (2001). Flexibility retention 3 weeks after a 5-day training regime. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 10, 105-112.
  • https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.10.2.105
  • Sands, W. A., McNeal, J. R., Stone, M. H., Russell, E. M., &amp; Jemni, M. (2006). Flexibility enhancement with vibration: Acute and long-term. Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise, 38(4), 720-725.
  • https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000210204.10200.dc
  • Sands, W. A., McNeal, J. R., Stone, M. H., Haff, G. G. &amp; Kinser, M. (2008). Effect of Vibration on Forward Split Flexibility and Pain Perception in Young Male Gymnasts. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 3, 469-481.
  • https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.4.469
  • Schmitt, G. D., Pelham, T. W., &amp; Holt, L. E. (1999). Comparison of selected protocols during propioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. Clinical Kinesiology, 53(1), 16-21. Schuback, B., Hooper, J., Salisbury, L. (2004). A comparison of a self- stretch incorporating proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation components and a therapist-applied PNF-technique on hamstring flexibility. Physiotherapy, 90(3), 151-157.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2004.02.009
  • Sharman, M. J., Cresswel, A. G. &amp; Riek, S. (2006). Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Sports Medicine, 36(11), 929–939.
  • https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636110-00002
  • Spernoga, S. G., Uhl, T. L., Arnold, B. L., &amp; Gansneder, B. M. (2001). Duration of maintained hamstring flexibility after a one-time, modified hold-relax stretching protocol. Journal of athletic training, 36(1), 44.
  • Sundquist, R. D. (1996). The comparative effectiveness of static stretching and propioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching techniques in increasing hip flexion range of motion. Microform publications, for Sport &amp; Human Performance, Universidad de Oregon.
  • Surburg, P. R. &amp; Schrader, J. W. (1997). Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques in Sports Medicine: A Reassessment. Journal of Athletic Training, 31(1), 34-39.
  • Voss, D. E., Ionta, M. K. &amp; Meyers, B. J. (2004). Facilitación Neuromuscular Propioceptiva. Patrones y técnicas. Buenos Aires: Editorial Panamericana.
  • Zajac, A. &amp; Nowak, K. (1997). Flexibility and different training methods. Wychowanie- fizyczne- sport- Warsaw, 41(3), 37-45.
Fonte de datos: Dialnet