Buenas prácticas y oportunidades de mejora en el acompañamiento socioeducativo con juventud en protección durante la transición a la vida adulta

  1. Jesús Deibe Fernández Simo
  2. María Victoria Carrera Fernández
  3. Xosé Manuel Cid Fernández
  4. Edgar Correia Campos
Revista:
Revista complutense de educación

ISSN: 1130-2496 1988-2793

Ano de publicación: 2023

Volume: 34

Número: 3

Páxinas: 583-592

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.5209/RCED.79700 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: Revista complutense de educación

Resumo

Youth in protection are emancipated within a context of vulnerability and lack of social support. The socio-educational accompaniment carried out by the professional teams is decisive in facilitating relationships and secure spaces. Educational intervention helps to achieve the goals of the transition to adult life. This research aimed to analyze good practices in the socio-educational accompaniment that allows creating a safe educational space from which adolescents in protection can begin the process of transition to adult life, as well as to define lines for improving the protection system to consolidate effective strategies and overcome the present obstacles. Qualitative research was designed, organized in three phases according to grounded theory, through participant observation of cases (N=6), longitudinal follow-ups (N=11), and interviews with professionals (N=7). The sample of young people comprised eleven men and seven women. Seven social educators participated. In phase one, notes were taken in a field notebook. In phases two and three, 62 interviews were conducted, 55 with young people leaving the protection system and 7 with professionals. The results indicated that the educational teams’ practices provided spaces of professional reference, promoting a safe scenario from which young people can begin the strenuous challenges of adult life. However, bureaucratic and organizational constraints of the protection system that hindered interventions were detected. Effective socio-educational action prioritized the times of accompaniment in spaces marked by ordinary daily life. It was concluded that it is necessary for residential resources to adapt the organization of work to the socio-educational perspective of the professional teams.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alhadeff-Jones, M. (2019). Time, Power and the Emancipatory Aims of Adult Education. In F. Finnegan & B. Grummell (Edits.), Power and Possibility (pp. 117-127). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004413320_011
  • Arnau, L., & Gilligan, R. (2015). What helps young care leavers to enter the world of work? Possible lessons learned from Ireland and Catalonia. Children and Youth Services Review, 53, 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.03.027
  • Atkinson, D. (2015). The adventure of pedagogy, learning and the not-known. Subjectivity, 8(1), 43-56. https://doi.org/10.1057/sub.2014.22
  • Ayala, R. (2018). La relación pedagógica: en las fuentes de la experiencia educativa con van Manen. Revista Complutense de Educación, 29(1), 27- 41. https://doi.org/10.5209/RCED.51925
  • Blakeslee, J. E. (2015). Measuring the support networks of transition-age foster youth: Preliminary validation of a social network assessment for research and practice. Children and Youth Services Review, 52, 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.03.014
  • Bolívar, A. (2010). El liderazgo educativo y su papel en la mejora: Una revisión actual de sus posibilidades y limitaciones. Psicoperspectivas, 9(2), 9-33.
  • Collins, M. E., Spencer, R., & Ward, R. (2010). Supporting youth in the transition from foster care: Formal and informal connections. Child Welfare, 89(1), 125-43.
  • Corbella, L. (2020). Aportaciones de Martha Nussbaum y Amartya Sen a la construcción de una dimensión ética en la relación socioeducativa: una revisión sistemática. Pedagogía Social. Revista Interuniversitaria, 37, 114-127. https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2021.07
  • Cuenca, E., Campos, G. y Goig, R. (2018). El tránsito a la vida adulta de los jóvenes en acogimiento residencial: el rol de la familia. Educación XX1, 21(1), 321-344. https://doi.org/10.5944/educXX1.20201
  • Díaz-Esterri, J., Goig-Martínez, R., & De-Juanas, A. (2021). Espacios intergeneracionales de ocio y redes de apoyo social en jóvenes egresados del sistema de protección. Psychology, Society & Education, 13(3), 39-53. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v13i3.4820
  • Emond, R. (2016). ‘More than just a bracelet: The use of material symbolism to communicate love’. International Journal of Social Pedagogy, 5(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2017.04
  • Escobar–García, B. & Hincapié–García, A. (2017). Dar la palabra. En torno al lenguaje de los niños y las niñas en la cárcel. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 15(1), 59-70. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6828-2786
  • Fernández-Salinero, C. (2019). Mentoría pedagógica para profesorado universitario novel: estrategia formativa para la relación educativa. En J. Vera (Coord.), Formar para transformar. Cambio social y profesiones educativa (pp.249-255). Editorial GEU.
  • Fernández-Simo, D., & Cid Fernández, X.M. (2018). Análisis longitudinal de la transición a la vida adulta de las personas segregadas del sistema de protección a la infancia y a la adolescencia. Bordón. Revista De Pedagogía, 70(2), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2018.54539
  • Fernández-Simo, D., Cid, X. M., & Carrera, M. V. (2020). Deficits of adaptability and reversibility in the socio-educational strategy for youth in protection services during the transition to adult life. Children and Youth Services Review, 117, 105302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105302.
  • Fernández-Simo, D., Cid, X. M., & Carrera, M. V. (2022). Socio-educational support deficits in the emancipation of protected youth in Spain. Child Youth Care Forum, 51(2), 329-346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-021-09631-3.
  • Ferreira, T., Cadima, J., Matias, M., Vieira, J. M., Leal, T., & Matos, P. M. (2016). Preschool Children’s Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Mother–Child, Father–Child and Teacher–Child Relationships. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(6), 1829–1839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0369-x.
  • Gento, S., González-Fernández, R., & Heriberto-Orangel, S. (2020). Dimensión afectiva del liderazgo pedagógico del docente. Revista Complutense de Educación, 31(4), 485-495. https://doi.org/10.5209/rced.65635
  • Gradaille, R., & Caballo, M.B. (2016). Las buenas prácticas como recurso para la acción comunitaria: criterios de identificación y búsqueda. Contextos Educativos. Revista de Educación, 19, 75-88. https://doi.org/10.18172/con.2773
  • Gypen, L., Vanderfaeillie, J., De Maeyer, S., Belenger, L., & Van Holen, F. (2017). Outcomes of children who grew up in foster care: Systematic-review. Children and Youth Services Review, 76, 74-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.02.035
  • Hueche, C., Lagos, G., Ríos, N., Silva, E., & Alarcón-Espinoza, M. (2019). Vínculos afectivos en adolescentes institucionalizados, Chile. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 17(2), 1-19. doi:10.11600/1692715x.17217
  • Janer, A., & Úcar, X. (2020). Social Pedagogy in the World Today: An Analysis of the Academic, Training and Professional Perspectives, The British Journal of Social Work,50(3),701–721. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz025
  • Jimenez-Jimenez, J., Huegun, A., & Planella,J. (2019). El espacio como elemento didáctico en los procesos de acompañamiento socioeducativo con adolescentes. Publicaciones, 49(2), 59-75. https://doi.org/10.30827/publicaciones.v49i2.8291
  • Kelly, P., Heyman, J., Zhai, F., & Salazar, A. (2021). Social and Emotional Supports During College Years: Associations with Post-college Outcomes Among Alumni of Foster Care. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-021-00806-4
  • Kirkwood, S., Roesch-Marsh, A., & Cooper, S. (2019). Evaluating social pedagogy in the UK: Methodological issues. Qualitative Social Work, 18(1), 8–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325017699266
  • Kleist, C. (2013). A Discourse Ethics Defense of Nussbaum’s Capabilities Theory. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 14(2), 266–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.764852
  • Lindahl, R. (2021) Individualising or categorising recognition? Conceptual discussions concerning the relationship between foster children and their child welfare workers. European Journal of Social Work, 24(4), 566-577. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2019.1696755
  • Lindahl, R., & Bruhn. A. (2017). Foster children’s experiences and expectations concerning the child-welfare officer role-Prerequisites and obstacles for close and trustful relationships. Child & Family Social Work, 22(4), 1415-1422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.03.039
  • Llosada-Gistau, J., Montserrat, C., & Casas, F. (2015). The subjective well-being of adolescents in residential care compared to that of the general population. Children and Youth Services Review, 52, 150-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.11.007
  • Marion, É., Paulsen, V., & Goyette, M. (2017). Relationships Matter: Understanding the Role and Impact of Social Networks at the Edge of Transition to Adulthood from Care. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 34, 573–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-017-0494-4
  • Martín-Alonso, D., Blanco, N., & Sierra, J.E, (2018). Comprensión pedagógica y construcción de la relación educativa. Una indagación narrativa. Teoría de la Educación, 31(1), 103-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/teri.19442
  • Martín, E., González, P., Chirino, E. & Castro, J. J. (2020). Inclusión y satisfacción vital de los jóvenes extutelados. Pedagogía Social. Revista Interuniversitaria, 35(1), 101-111. https://doi.org/10.7179/psri_2020.35.08
  • Melendro, M., Montserrat, C., Iglesias, A., & Cruz, L. (2016). Effective social education of exclusion: Contributions from social pedagogy. European Journal of Social Work, 19(6), 931-945. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2015.10 82982
  • Navarro, M., & Cantillo, P. (2018). Importancia de la motivación socio-afectiva de maestros a estudiantes durante la práctica pedagógica en las diferentes áreas del saber. Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, 9(3), 255-262. https://doi.org/10.17981/cultedusoc.9.3.2018.29
  • Paulsen, V., & Berg, B. (2016). Social support and interdependency in transition to adulthood from child welfare services. Children and Youth Services Review, 68, 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.07.006
  • Powers, L. E., Fullerton, A., Schmidt, J., Geenen, S., Oberweiser-Kennedy, M., Dohn, Nelson, M., Iavanditti, R., & Blakeslee, J. (2018). Perspectives of youth in foster care on essential ingredients for promoting self-determination and successful transition to adult life: My life model. Children and Youth Services Review, 86, 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.02.007
  • Ruiz, J. I. (2012). Metodología de la investigación cualitativa. Deusto
  • Sala-Roca, J. (2019). Parentalidad profesional en el acogimiento institucional: propuesta para mejorar la atención a los niños acogidos en centros de protección. Pedagogía Social. Revista Interuniversitaria, 34, 97-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2019.34.07
  • Sala-Roca, J., Villalba, A., Jariot, M., & Arnau, L. (2012). Socialization process and social support networks of out-ofcare youngsters. Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.02.002
  • Sánchez-Prieto, L., Orte Socias, C., Pascual Barrio, B., & Ballester Brage, L. (2021). ¿Qué competencias de un formador en prevención son mejores valoradas por las familias en el contexto escolar?. Revista Complutense de Educación, 32(2), 181-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rced.68176
  • Smith, M., Cameron, C., & Reimer, D. (2017). From Attachment to Recognition for Children in Care. The British Journal of Social Work, 47(6), 1606–1623. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcx096
  • Sutton, T. E. (2019). Review of attachment theory: Familial predictors, continuity and change, and intrapersonal and relational outcomes. Marriage & Family Review, 55(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2018.1458001
  • Tur-Porcar, A. M., Doménech, A., & Mestre, V. (2018). Vínculos familiares e inclusión social. Variables predictoras de la conducta prosocial en la infancia. Anales de Psicología, 34(2), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.2.308151
  • Úcar, X. (2021). Social pedagogy, social education and social work in Spain: Convergent paths. International Journal of Social Pedagogy, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2021.v10.x.001.
  • Úcar, X. (2016). Pedagogía de la elección. UOC.
  • Varela, L. (2021). Análisis DAFO del quehacer profesional de la Educación Social en los servicios sociales: posibilidades y límites. Revista Complutense de Educación, 32(2), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.5209/rced.68319
  • Vilar, J. (2013). Cuestiones éticas en la educación social: del compromiso político a la responsabilidad en la práctica profesional. UOC.